1. United Arab Emirates
Freehold zones open to foreigners, no income or capital gains tax on rent, and a 10-year golden visa at AED 2m.
Ten markets ranked on the three things that decide an international deal: rental yield, price appreciation and how easily a foreigner can actually buy.
Typical gross yields in the main investor cities, before tax and management costs.
Five-year change in the national house price index, rebased to 2015 = 100 and read in real terms where available.
Whether non-residents can hold freehold title, plus transaction costs and any permit, trust or residency requirement.
Price data comes from our housing market database covering 57 countries from BIS, OECD and Eurostat sources, all rebased to a common 2015 = 100 index. Yields and buying costs are drawn from national land registries and local agency data, and are stated gross of tax.
| # | Country | Gross yield | Appreciation | Foreign buyers | Buying costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Arab Emirates | 6.5–7.8% | High | Open | ~4% transfer fee |
| 2 | Portugal | 4.5–5.5% | Moderate | Open | 6–8% (IMT + fees) |
| 3 | Spain | 4.0–5.1% | Moderate | Open | 8–11% |
| 4 | Greece | 4.5–5.2% | High | Open | ~3.1% transfer tax |
| 5 | Poland | 5.0–6.0% | High | Mostly open | 2–4% |
| 6 | Japan | 4.0–5.0% | Moderate | Open | 6–8% |
| 7 | Mexico | 6.0–8.0% | High | Mostly open | 5–8% |
| 8 | United States | 5.0–7.0% | Moderate | Open | 2–5% |
| 9 | Italy | 3.5–4.5% | Low | Open | 9–11% |
| 10 | Türkiye | 6.0–9.0% | High (nominal) | Mostly open | 4–6% |
Yields are indicative gross figures for prime investor districts; check the country page for the latest official price index.
Freehold zones open to foreigners, no income or capital gains tax on rent, and a 10-year golden visa at AED 2m.
No restrictions on foreign buyers, deep long-stay rental demand in Lisbon and Porto, and a mature short-let market outside restricted zones.
Valencia, Málaga and Alicante still price below the eurozone average while rents track tourism and remote-work demand.
Lowest entry prices in western Europe, plus a residency-by-investment route from €250k in lower-demand regions.
Strong wage growth and urban migration into Warsaw and Kraków; EU buyers face no permit requirement for apartments.
One of the few developed markets with full freehold ownership for non-residents and cheap yen-denominated financing.
Coastal short-let yields are among the highest in the Americas; coastal purchases use a bank trust (fideicomiso).
No ownership restrictions for foreigners, the world's deepest rental data, and sunbelt metros still adding households.
Slow capital growth, but discounted stock in secondary cities and a flat-tax regime that appeals to relocating investors.
Very high nominal growth and citizenship from $400k — but currency risk means real returns can lag the headline numbers.
Headline yields ignore vacancy, management, local income tax and currency movement — all of which can remove two or more percentage points from a net return. Nominal price growth in high-inflation markets such as Türkiye can also mask a real-terms decline. Always compare the real index, not just the nominal one, and take local tax advice before signing.
For yield-focused investors the UAE leads, combining 6.5–7.8% gross rental yields with no tax on rental income and full freehold ownership for foreigners in designated zones. Investors who prioritise legal protection and euro-denominated stability usually shortlist Portugal and Spain instead.
The UAE, Türkiye, Mexico and parts of central Europe (Poland, Hungary, Romania) consistently deliver gross yields above 6%. Higher yields normally compensate for currency risk, weaker tenant protection or thinner resale liquidity.
Portugal, Spain, Greece, Italy, Japan and the United States place no meaningful restrictions on non-resident buyers. Mexico requires a bank trust for coastal and border property, Poland requires a permit for some non-EU buyers, and Türkiye restricts purchases near military zones.
Budget 2–11% of the purchase price in transaction costs depending on the country: roughly 2–5% in the United States, 3–4% in Greece and the UAE, 6–8% in Portugal and Japan, and 8–11% in Spain and Italy.
Yield pays the mortgage and covers vacancy, while capital growth drives total return on exit. Markets rarely maximise both at once — high-yield markets tend to have flatter prices, and fast-appreciating markets tend to compress yields.
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